The International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Commerce and Social Sciences (IJHACSS) is committed to maintaining high standards of scholarly publishing through editorial independence, academic integrity, transparent decision-making, and responsible peer review.

The journal provides an interdisciplinary platform for original research, theoretical inquiry, critical interpretation, scholarly debate, and creative intellectual contributions across the humanities, arts, commerce, and social sciences.

IJHACSS recognizes that different academic disciplines employ distinct research traditions, methodological approaches, and forms of scholarly argumentation. Accordingly, manuscripts are evaluated according to the intellectual standards and research practices appropriate to their respective fields rather than through a single rigid methodological framework.

Editorial decisions are based on originality, academic significance, clarity of argument, appropriate use of evidence, methodological or interpretative rigor, ethical compliance, and relevance to the journal's scope.

The journal is committed to providing fair consideration to all submissions, regardless of the authors' nationality, institutional affiliation, gender, religion, political beliefs, cultural background, or academic standing.

Editorial independence is a fundamental principle of IJHACSS.

Decisions concerning manuscript acceptance, revision, or rejection are made according to scholarly merit and the journal's editorial standards.

The publisher, sponsors, advertisers, or other external parties must not improperly influence editorial decisions.

Editorial Responsibilities

Editor-in-Chief

The Editor-in-Chief holds overall responsibility for maintaining the journal's academic standards, editorial policies, and publication integrity.

The Editor-in-Chief makes or authorizes final editorial decisions based on the recommendations of handling editors, reviewers' reports, the manuscript's scholarly contribution, and applicable journal policies.

Associate Editors and Handling Editors

Editors assigned to individual manuscripts are responsible for assessing their relevance, identifying qualified reviewers, evaluating peer-review reports, and making informed editorial recommendations.

Editorial Board Members

Editorial Board members provide disciplinary expertise, support policy development, contribute to quality assurance, and may assist with manuscript assessment or reviewer identification.

All editors must exercise independent academic judgment and declare potential conflicts of interest.

Basis of Editorial Decisions

Editorial decisions consider:

• Originality and intellectual contribution.
• Relevance to the journal's aims and scope.
• Significance of the research question or scholarly argument.
• Quality and appropriateness of research methods.
• Strength and credibility of the evidence.
• Theoretical and conceptual coherence.
• Engagement with relevant literature.
• Ethical integrity and responsible scholarship.
• Clarity, organization, and academic presentation.

The ability or willingness of an author to pay an article processing charge must not influence an editorial decision.

IJHACSS supports academic freedom, intellectual diversity, constructive criticism, and the independent pursuit of knowledge.

Research in the humanities and social sciences frequently addresses complex, disputed, or sensitive questions involving history, culture, religion, politics, identity, social structures, economic systems, and human behaviour.

The journal welcomes different theoretical perspectives, competing interpretations, and evidence-based criticism of established ideas and institutions.

Authors are encouraged to question conventional assumptions, examine dominant narratives, and develop alternative explanations when their arguments are academically justified.

The journal does not reject manuscripts solely because their conclusions challenge prevailing social, political, religious, cultural, or philosophical viewpoints.

At the same time, academic freedom carries responsibilities.

Authors must present evidence accurately, engage fairly with opposing scholarship, avoid misrepresentation of sources, and distinguish demonstrable findings from speculative interpretations.

Personal attacks, discriminatory assertions, deliberate misinformation, and unsupported allegations are inconsistent with responsible scholarly communication.

The journal evaluates the quality of an argument rather than requiring conformity to a particular ideology or intellectual position.

IJHACSS follows a double-blind peer-review process, intended to promote impartial evaluation and constructive academic assessment.

Under this system, the identities of authors and reviewers are ordinarily concealed from one another.

Original research manuscripts selected for external review are normally evaluated by at least two independent reviewers possessing expertise relevant to the subject.

For interdisciplinary manuscripts, reviewers may represent different academic fields to ensure balanced evaluation.

Peer Review Procedure

Initial Editorial Screening

Submitted manuscripts undergo preliminary evaluation for completeness, originality, scope, scholarly quality, formatting, and ethical compliance.

Manuscripts that do not meet basic requirements may be returned for correction or declined without external peer review.

Selection of Reviewers

Reviewers are selected according to subject expertise, academic competence, independence, and their ability to provide objective assessments.

Reviewers with relevant conflicts of interest must decline the invitation or disclose the conflict before accepting the assignment.

Independent Evaluation

Reviewers evaluate the manuscript's contribution, scholarly reasoning, evidence, research methods, theoretical understanding, and presentation.

Editorial Assessment

The handling editor examines reviewers' reports and determines whether the manuscript should be accepted, revised, rejected, or subjected to further review.

Final Decision

The Editor-in-Chief or an authorized editor makes the final decision in accordance with the journal's editorial framework.

Reviewers provide recommendations; they do not independently determine acceptance.

Possible Editorial Decisions

• Accept.
• Minor Revision.
• Major Revision.
• Reject.

Revised manuscripts may be returned to reviewers for further assessment.

An invitation to revise does not guarantee publication.

Editorials, book reviews, letters, and certain invited contributions may follow an appropriate alternative editorial assessment process. The review status of published material should be represented accurately.

IJHACSS recognizes that academic quality cannot be assessed through a single experimental or statistical standard.

Reviewers and editors should apply discipline-appropriate criteria.

Humanities Research

Literary, philosophical, historical, and cultural scholarship may be evaluated on the originality of interpretation, coherence of argument, quality of textual or historical evidence, theoretical insight, and engagement with scholarly debate.

Social Sciences Research

Empirical social research may be evaluated on the appropriateness of research design, sampling, data collection, analysis, ethical considerations, transparency, and credibility of findings.

Qualitative studies should not be disadvantaged merely because they do not use statistical hypothesis testing.

Commerce and Management Research

Research in commerce, economics, finance, business, and management may be evaluated on conceptual relevance, analytical rigor, appropriate use of economic or organizational data, theoretical contribution, and practical implications.

Arts and Creative Scholarship

Arts-based, performance-oriented, and practice-based research may be evaluated on originality, creative inquiry, critical reflection, contextual understanding, documentation, and contribution to artistic or scholarly knowledge.

Interdisciplinary Studies

Interdisciplinary research should be assessed according to the relevance and coherence of its integrated approaches, rather than being penalized for crossing conventional disciplinary boundaries.

IJHACSS supports open access to scholarly research, recognizing that knowledge should be accessible to researchers, educators, students, policymakers, practitioners, and the wider public.

Published journal articles are made freely accessible online without reader subscription charges.

Open access facilitates academic collaboration, educational use, scholarly discussion, and the dissemination of research beyond institutional and geographical barriers.

The journal encourages authors to share and discuss their published work through academic platforms, institutional repositories, and scholarly networks, subject to the applicable publication license.

Access to published articles is not restricted on the basis of nationality, institutional membership, or financial ability.

IJHACSS supports an author-rights and open-access framework that encourages responsible dissemination of scholarly work.

Under the proposed copyright arrangement, authors retain copyright in their original contributions while granting the journal the right of first publication.

The recommended standard license is Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Under this license, users may share, reproduce, distribute, and adapt published content, including for commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given and other license conditions are satisfied.

The journal requires accurate attribution to original authors and acknowledgment of the publication source.

Third-party copyrighted materials, including photographs, artworks, literary extracts, illustrations, musical notations, and archival reproductions, may be subject to separate permissions and restrictions.

Authors are responsible for identifying and securing any necessary rights before publication.

The license applicable to a particular article must be clearly identified in its published version.

IJHACSS is committed to ethical publishing practices informed by the principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

The journal expects authors, editors, reviewers, and publishing personnel to uphold honesty, transparency, fairness, and professional accountability.

Authors are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of their submitted research.

The journal does not tolerate intentional fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, fraudulent authorship, citation manipulation, or deliberate misrepresentation of scholarly evidence.

Research integrity applies equally to empirical investigations, philosophical arguments, historical interpretations, literary criticism, creative scholarship, and interdisciplinary work.

Ethical concerns may be examined before or after publication.

Where misconduct is suspected, the journal will seek relevant information, consider the available evidence, and determine appropriate action.

An allegation alone does not establish misconduct, and individuals involved should be given a reasonable opportunity to respond when appropriate.

All submitted manuscripts must contain original scholarly work and must acknowledge the intellectual contributions of others.

Plagiarism includes:

• Reproducing another author's text without proper acknowledgment.
• Presenting another person's ideas or arguments as original.
• Using quotations without appropriate attribution.
• Inappropriately paraphrasing published material.
• Copying or adapting research findings without citation.
• Reproducing artwork, photographs, illustrations, or other creative materials without necessary attribution or permission.
• Submitting translations of previously published work as original scholarship without appropriate disclosure.
• Reusing substantial portions of one's own previously published work without transparent acknowledgment.

Manuscripts may be subjected to plagiarism or similarity screening during editorial evaluation.

Similarity reports are interpreted in context, considering properly cited quotations, standard terminology, methodological descriptions, bibliographies, and discipline-specific writing conventions.

A similarity percentage alone does not establish plagiarism.

Substantiated plagiarism may result in manuscript rejection, requests for correction, post-publication action, or notification to relevant institutions when justified.

Authorship should accurately reflect meaningful intellectual contributions to a manuscript.

Authors may contribute through research conceptualization, theoretical development, field investigation, archival research, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, or substantial critical revision.

All listed authors must approve the submitted manuscript and agree to take responsibility for their respective contributions and the integrity of the work.

Honorary authorship, guest authorship, and ghost authorship are prohibited.

Individuals providing limited technical, administrative, or editorial assistance should ordinarily be acknowledged rather than included as authors.

The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the editorial office and ensuring that all co-authors receive relevant editorial information.

Changes to authorship after submission must be explained and supported by the agreement of affected authors, subject to editorial approval.

Disputes involving authorship may require clarification or institutional intervention before further editorial processing.

IJHACSS requires transparency concerning relationships or circumstances that could influence the research, editorial assessment, or publication process.

Authors

Authors must disclose financial, personal, professional, institutional, political, or other relevant interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their findings or interpretations.

Relevant funding and sponsorship arrangements must also be disclosed.

Reviewers

Reviewers must disclose potential conflicts arising from personal relationships, institutional affiliations, professional competition, collaborative history, or other relevant circumstances.

Reviewers should decline assignments when they cannot provide an independent evaluation.

Editors

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have a significant conflict of interest.

Manuscripts submitted by editors, editorial board members, or persons closely associated with the journal must be managed by an independent editor without an inappropriate conflict.

All manuscripts must be assessed according to consistent scholarly standards.

Social science, education, psychology, anthropology, management, and related research frequently involve direct interaction with individuals and communities.

IJHACSS requires responsible protection of research participants.

Where required by applicable regulations or institutional policies, studies involving human participants must obtain appropriate ethical approval.

Researchers should obtain informed consent where necessary and provide participants with accurate information about the nature and purpose of their involvement.

Confidentiality and privacy must be respected.

Personally identifying information should not be disclosed without appropriate authorization or another valid ethical and legal basis.

Special safeguards are expected for research involving children, vulnerable individuals, marginalized communities, and participants exposed to potential social, professional, or legal consequences.

For interview-based and ethnographic studies, authors should explain relevant procedures for consent, anonymity, recording, data handling, and representation.

Research relying on publicly accessible information does not automatically eliminate ethical responsibilities; the sensitivity of the information and possible risks of disclosure must also be considered.

IJHACSS recognizes the importance of responsible representation in historical, cultural, anthropological, artistic, and community-based research.

Authors must accurately represent the cultural, linguistic, historical, and social contexts of the materials they examine.

Research involving indigenous knowledge, oral traditions, cultural heritage, sacred objects, community records, or restricted archival collections should respect applicable access conditions, legal requirements, and community protocols.

Where necessary, permission should be obtained for the reproduction or disclosure of culturally restricted materials.

Authors should acknowledge relevant knowledge holders and explain their approaches to cultural interpretation.

Historical claims should be supported by identifiable primary sources, reliable secondary scholarship, or clearly articulated interpretative reasoning.

Archival documents, historical quotations, oral testimonies, and visual records must not be fabricated or intentionally distorted.

The journal recognizes that historical and cultural interpretations may remain contested. Such disagreement is evaluated through scholarly reasoning and evidence rather than ideological preference.

IJHACSS recognizes the growing use of artificial intelligence in academic research, writing, translation, and data analysis.

AI-assisted tools may support legitimate scholarly activities, but their use must not compromise originality, transparency, intellectual responsibility, or research integrity.

The journal follows these principles:

• Generative AI tools cannot be designated as authors.
• Authors remain accountable for all submitted content.
• Substantial AI assistance must be disclosed appropriately.
• References, quotations, and factual information produced through AI tools must be independently verified.
• Fabricated citations, interview transcripts, archival records, research participants, data, or findings are prohibited.
• AI-generated historical images or reconstructed cultural materials must not be represented as authentic original evidence.
• Confidential manuscripts, unpublished research, participant information, and restricted materials must not be entered into external AI systems without appropriate authorization.

Editors and reviewers must maintain manuscript confidentiality when using AI-assisted tools.

Automated systems may assist editorial administration but must not replace responsible human editorial judgment.

Peer reviewers play an essential role in maintaining the academic quality and credibility of IJHACSS.

Reviewers are expected to provide objective, constructive, and professionally respectful evaluations.

Reviewers should:

• Accept assignments only when they possess sufficient expertise.
• Disclose potential conflicts of interest.
• Maintain the confidentiality of unpublished manuscripts.
• Evaluate submissions according to appropriate disciplinary standards.
• Provide reasoned assessments supported by specific observations.
• Avoid personal criticism or discriminatory judgments.
• Identify significant methodological, interpretative, or ethical concerns.
• Inform editors of suspected plagiarism or research misconduct.
• Submit reports within the agreed review period whenever feasible.

Reviewers must not use unpublished ideas, data, arguments, or creative materials obtained through peer review for personal advantage.

Reviewers must not circulate manuscripts or disclose confidential review information without editorial authorization.

Editors are responsible for ensuring that reviewer reports are considered fairly and that authors receive constructive feedback when appropriate.

IJHACSS respects the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and associated editorial communications.

Unpublished manuscripts are treated as confidential scholarly material.

Access should be limited to individuals involved in legitimate editorial, peer-review, administrative, or publication activities.

Personal information collected during manuscript submission, reviewer registration, and editorial correspondence must be used only for appropriate journal operations and other lawful, disclosed purposes.

The journal should maintain appropriate safeguards for author information, reviewer identities, unpublished research, and confidential editorial records.

Information may be disclosed where legally required or reasonably necessary for an ethical investigation, subject to applicable confidentiality and privacy obligations.

IJHACSS is committed to preserving the accuracy and integrity of the published scholarly record.

When significant errors or ethical concerns are identified after publication, the journal may take appropriate corrective action.

Corrections

Corrections may be issued when an article contains errors that require clarification but do not invalidate its central scholarly contribution.

The correction notice should identify the relevant article and explain the amended information.

Retractions

Retraction may be necessary when published findings or arguments are rendered unreliable by serious errors, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unethical research practices, or other substantial problems.

Retracted articles should ordinarily remain part of the scholarly record, clearly identified as retracted and linked to an explanatory notice.

Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when substantial concerns exist but the available information does not yet permit a definitive conclusion.

The journal will seek to handle post-publication concerns fairly, transparently, and consistently with recognized publication ethics guidance.

IJHACSS recognizes that academic inquiry continues after publication.

Scholarly contributions may generate new interpretations, criticism, theoretical disagreements, methodological questions, and further research.

The journal welcomes constructive post-publication discussion, including:

• Critical responses to published arguments.
• Alternative historical or theoretical interpretations.
• Methodological observations.
• Additional empirical evidence.
• Corrections of factual inaccuracies.
• Scholarly debates concerning social, cultural, educational, political, or economic issues.

Relevant contributions may be considered for publication as letters, commentaries, responses, or other appropriate article types.

Where necessary, the original authors may be invited to respond.

Discussion must remain academically responsible and respectful.

Authors who believe that an editorial decision was affected by a material factual misunderstanding, procedural irregularity, or conflict of interest may submit a formal appeal.

Appeals should clearly identify the manuscript and explain the grounds for reconsideration.

The journal may arrange an independent editorial assessment when warranted.

Disagreement with a reviewer or an unfavorable decision alone does not necessarily justify reversing an editorial outcome.

Complaints concerning editorial conduct, peer review, publication ethics, authorship, or research integrity should be submitted through the journal's official contact channel.

Complaints will be assessed impartially, and reasonable confidentiality will be maintained.

Where possible, an individual who was directly involved in the disputed decision should not be solely responsible for resolving the appeal.

Editorial decisions following an appeal should be communicated with an appropriate explanation.

IJHACSS may publish special issues or thematic collections addressing significant interdisciplinary developments or emerging scholarly questions.

Proposals for special issues should identify their academic objectives, scope, relevance, and proposed editorial leadership.

Guest editors must follow the journal's standard publication ethics and peer-review principles.

Guest editors are responsible for facilitating fair academic assessment but must not guarantee acceptance to contributors.

Manuscripts submitted to special issues should undergo appropriate editorial screening and independent peer review.

Conflicts of interest involving guest editors or contributors must be declared and managed.

The Editor-in-Chief retains overall responsibility for editorial standards and publication integrity.

IJHACSS operates an open-access publication model supported by the applicable Article Processing Charges.

The proposed charges are:

• Indian authors: ₹2,000 per accepted article.
• Non-Indian authors: US$70 per accepted article.

There is no manuscript submission fee.

Article processing charges are payable only after formal manuscript acceptance.

The journal's scientific and scholarly evaluation process must remain independent of financial transactions.

Payment does not guarantee manuscript acceptance.

Requests for waivers or reductions, where supported by an adopted waiver policy, must not improperly influence editorial decisions.

The full APC terms and applicable author classification should be published on the journal's dedicated Article Processing Charges page.

IJHACSS is responsible for maintaining clearly communicated editorial standards and applying them consistently.

Editorial policies should be reviewed periodically to reflect developments in scholarly publishing, academic ethics, research methods, digital technologies, and interdisciplinary research practices.

Substantial policy changes should be published transparently.

The journal encourages editors, reviewers, authors, and readers to raise constructive concerns about its editorial procedures.

The Editor-in-Chief and editorial leadership are responsible for promoting the consistent application of these policies.

Questions concerning editorial decisions, manuscript evaluation, ethical concerns, authorship disputes, peer review, or publication policies may be directed to the journal's editorial office.

International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Commerce and Social Sciences (IJHACSS)

Website: https://khaki-starling-459600.hostingersite.com/

Journal Contact: Available through the official Contact page.

IJHACSS is committed to fostering responsible scholarship, academic independence, interdisciplinary dialogue, and the advancement of knowledge across the humanities, arts, commerce, and social sciences.

Advancing Scholarship Through Integrity, Critical Inquiry, and Academic Freedom.